What is a stepper motor in a 3D printer?
A stepper motor is a precise electric motor that rotates by precisely defined steps (typically 1.8° = 200 steps per revolution). A 3D printer has 4-5 steppers: X, Y, Z, extruder.
Why stepper motors
A regular motor turns freely - you don't know where it is. A stepper motor precisely counts steps = the printer knows position without encoder.
Types
- NEMA 17 - standard for 3D printers
- NEMA 14 - smaller, lighter (extruder)
- Closed loop steppers - with encoder
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